Q: Is the time right for planting garlic?

A: As we move into October, many of our warm-season vegetables finally succumb to the lower night temperatures. And while it is hard to say goodbye to those fresh tomatoes, we do have a new crop to look forward to. So, pull out those withered plants and till up the soil, because now is the time to plant garlic for early summer harvest.

Garlic or Allium sativum, is a relative of the onion and is one of those crops that has been grown for thousands of years, originating in central Asia. Though we only usually see one or two types of garlic at the supermarket, there is actually quite a range of varieties. Oklahoma State University Factsheet HLA-6032, "Vegetable Varieties for the Home Garden in Oklahoma," lists a number of varieties that will perform well in Oklahoma.

You can also talk with growers at your local farmers market to find out what varieties do well in your region.

Heavy clay soils can cause misshapen bulbs. It is a good idea to mix in compost to lighten the soil.

Garlic also does well with a lot of organic matter mixed into the soil, so be generous.

Good drainage is also important for garlic production.

Dig trenches 3 to 4 inches deep and in rows spaced a foot apart. Garlic really does not take up a great deal of space, so it makes a wonderful addition to any garden. If you don't have a lot of space in your garden, plant garlic among your herbs or perennials. The plant's tall slender leaves will look like they belong just about anywhere.

A garlic bulb is made up of a number of smaller sections called cloves. When planting garlic, separate the bulb into individual cloves, and each will produce a new plant.

Set the cloves 4 inches apart in the rows. Only use cloves that appear healthy and fresh. Cloves have a top and bottom. Place the clove with the pointed end up and the flat tip down, which is the same orientation in which they are arranged in the bulb.

Take the time to ensure that each bulb remains in the upright position as you fill the soil in around it. This will keep the necks of the bulbs straight.

Cover your cloves to a depth of 2 inches and keep them moist but not too wet. Overwatering can lead to poor bulb development and mold problems.

Cloves will establish roots throughout fall and be ready for growth when warm temperatures arrive in spring.

For more information on fall gardening, read OSU Factsheet HLA-6009, "Fall Gardening."

Bill Geer is director of the Oklahoma County Extension Service. His column addresses frequently asked horticulture questions. For more information, call 713-1125.




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